AMINOACIDS THE DEFINITION, FUNCTION, CATALOG
Amino acids
DEFINITION OF AMINO :
The amino acids , organic molecules are incorporated in the structure of both the amine functional group (- NH2 ) and the carboxyl (- COOH) . In biochemistry the term amino acids most often refers to the L- α -amino acids , where the amino group and the carboxyl group which are linked to the same carbon atom in L configuration
Proteins are macromolecules consisting of chains of amino acids joined together through peptide bond . The amino acids are 20 +2 rare , all different from each other , and it is possible to obtain an infinite number of proteins depending on the type , number and order of sequence in which the various amino acids are bonded . Proteins , in turn, are large biological molecules that form an essential part of living organisms. Many are part of the category of enzymes , whose function is to catalyze biochemical reactions vital for the metabolism of the organisms. Some have structural and mechanical functions , such as actin and myosin in muscle , collagen in bones and tissues, and as components of the cellular cytoskeleton . Other proteins are important mediators in the transmission of inter-and intracellular signals in the immune response , cell adhesion mechanisms in the cell division cycle . The proteins differ mainly in the sequence of amino acids that compose them.
We can distinguish the amino acids are in:
ESSENTIAL AMINO
An essential amino acid is defined within the body if there are no structures (enzymes , protein synthesis ) necessary to synthesize it , so it is necessary that this amino acid is introduced with the diet . Essential amino acids are lysine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine , phenylalanine, threonine , tryptophan , valine and histidine .
SEMI- AMINO
amino acids amino acidsSEMI are considered amino acids cysteine and tyrosine , as the organism can synthesize them from the other two amino acids : methionine and phenylalanine.
ESSENTIAL AMINO CONDITIONALLY
Are conditionally essential amino acids : arginine , glycine , glutamine , proline and taurine , or those amino acids that play a key role in maintaining the physiological functions of the body in certain situations . Under some conditions these amino acids can not be synthesized fast enough to meet the real needs of the organism. Ex: arginine : in pregnant women and in children whose production is not sufficient to cover the required biology , so it must be taken with diet )
FUNCTION OF AMINO ACIDS :
amino acids amino acidsThe primary function of the amino acids is plastic , or intervene in protein synthesis, which is necessary to cope with the process of cell renewal of the organism. Within the stomach and duodenum bonds are broken and the individual amino acids come up into the small intestine where they are absorbed and utilized by the body as such . In addition to the plastic , the amino acids have an important role in energy production ( BCAA )
LIST OF AMINO ACIDS AND FUNCTION :
Essential :
Histidine
This amino acid is found in large quantities in hemoglobin and is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis , allergies, ulcers and anemia . It is essential for growth and tissue repair as well as for the maintenance of the myelin sheaths that protect nerve cells . Histidine is needed for the production of red and white cells in the blood , to protect the body from damage by radiation, reduce the arterial pressure and to help the elimination of heavy metals from the body and sexual arousal .
Isoleucine
The isoleucine is necessary for the formation of hemoglobin, to stabilize and regulate blood sugar and energy levels. This amino acid is important for athletes as it helps in the treatment and repair of muscle tissue , skin and bones.
Leucine
Leucine interacts with the isoleucine and valine to accelerate the healing of muscle tissue , skin and bones. This amino acid reduces the levels of sugar in the blood and helps to increase the production of growth hormone .
Lysine
It ensures the proper absorption of calcium and maintains a proper nitrogen balance in adults. Furthermore, the lysine helps the formation of collagen , which is the cartilage and connective tissue, the production of antibodies that have the capacity to fight against herpes labialis and reduce high levels of triglycerides in the serum.
Methionine
Methionine is a powerful antioxidant and a good source of sulfur. Avoids the problems to the hair, skin and nails and helps preventing the decomposition of fat accumulation in the liver and arteries that can block blood flow to the brain, heart and kidneys. This amino acid helps to detoxify harmful agents such as lead and other heavy metals , reduces muscle weakness and protects against the effects of radiation. Finally, it reduces the level of histamine in the body that can cause the brain sends the wrong message .
Phenylalanine
It is an amino acid used by the brain to produce norepinephrine , a chemical that transmits signals between nerve cells and the brain. Promotes alertness and vitality. Phenylalanine enhances mood , decreases pain and helps memory in learning. It is used to treat conditions such as arthritis, depression , menstrual cramps, migraines, obesity , Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia.
Threonine
It helps to maintain the proper amount of protein in the body . It is important for the formation of collagen, elastin and tooth enamel. He also works in the lipotropic function of the liver when combined with aspartic acid and methionine. Threonine finally prevents the accumulation of fat in the liver, its metabolism and its assimilation .
Tryptophan
It is a natural relaxant that helps to treat insomnia causing a normal sleep . Tryptophan reduces anxiety and depression , as well as stabilize the mood and help treat migraine . It helps the immune system to function properly. This amino acid controls the weight by reducing appetite , increases the release of growth hormones and helps to control hyperactivity in children .
Valine
Valine is needed for muscle metabolism , coordination, tissue repair and the maintenance of adequate nitrogen in the body , used as a source of energy by muscle tissue. Quest'amminoacido is also useful for the treatment of diseases of the liver and gall bladder and promotes mental vigor and calm emotions .
Alanine
Plays an important role in the transfer of nitrogen from peripheral tissues to the liver. Alanine helps the metabolism of glucose, a simple carbohydrate that the body uses as energy. Protects us from the accumulation of toxic substances that are released in the muscle cells when the muscle protein decomposes rapidly to meet the need of energy, as in the case of aerobic exercise . Furthermore , this amino acid strengthens the immune system through the production of antibodies.
Seeds essential :
Cysteine
Cysteine functions as an antioxidant, and it is important in the detoxification of harmful toxins. It protects the body from radiation damage , liver and brain damage caused by alcohol, drugs and toxic compounds that are found in cigarette smoke . Another function of this amino acid is to promote the recovery of severe burns and surgical operations , as well as to promote the elimination of fats and the formation of muscle and delay aging. The skin and hair are composed of 10% -14% of this amino acid.
Tyrosine
It is an important amino acid for overall metabolism . Tyrosine is a precursor of adrenaline and dopamine , which regulate mood . It stimulates the metabolism and the nervous system, has a positive effect on mood , it takes away the appetite and helps to reduce body fat . Tyrosine is also working in the production of melanin ( the pigment responsible for the color of the hair and skin) and in the functions of the adrenal, thyroid and pituitary gland Combats chronic fatigue , narcolepsy , anxiety , depression , low pulse sex , allergies and headaches .
Not essential :
Arginine
Promotes an increase in blood flow. It also strengthens the immune system , increasing the size and activity of the thymus gland , which produces T cells ( crucial components of the immune system ) . Arginine helps the liver detoxification by neutralizing ammonia. Quest'amminoacido helps you lose weight , favoring an increase in muscle mass and a decrease in fat mass. Promotes the production of the hormone GH growth . It is an important component of collagen.
Aspartic acid
The aspartic acid increases stamina and is great for chronic fatigue and depression. This amino acid rejuvenates the activity and cell formation , metabolism . Protects the liver by helping the expulsion of ammonia and combines with other amino acids to form molecules that absorb toxins and remove from the bloodstream . It also helps to facilitate the movement of certain minerals across the intestinal mucosa , blood and cells . Important role also its help for the function of RNA and DNA which are carriers of genetic information .
Glutamic acid
The glutamic acid acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, brain and spinal cord. It is an important amino acid in the metabolism of sugars and fats. Help the transport of potassium in the cerebrospinal fluid , it acts as fuel for the brain.
Glutamine
It is the most amino acid found in muscle and helps build and maintain muscle tissue , prevent muscle breakdown which can be caused by a long bed rest or diseases. This amino acid increases brain function and mental activity and helps to maintain the acid-alkaline balance in the body.
Glycine
Glycine retards muscle degeneration , improves the glycogen storage freeing glucose for energy needs . Promotes a healthy prostate , central nervous system and the immune system. It is an amino acid useful for repairing damaged tissues.
Ornithine
It helps to measure the release of growth hormones to aid in the metabolism of body fat . It is essential for a healthy immune system as it detoxifies ammonia and aids in liver regeneration and stimulates the secretion of insulin. The ornithine causes insulin functions as an anabolic hormone helping to build muscle.
Proline
It improves the texture of the skin by helping the production of collagen and reducing the loss through the aging process . Proline also helps the healing of cartilage and strengthens joints, tendons and muscles of the heart. This amino acid works with vitamin C to help maintain healthy connective tissues.
Serina
It is necessary for the proper metabolism of fats and fatty acids for muscle growth and maintenance of a healthy immune system . Serine is an amino acid that is part of the protective myelin sheaths that cover the nerve fibers and is important for the function of RNA and DNA and the formation of cells , in addition to helping the production of immunoglobulins and antibodies.
Taurine
Taurine strengthens the heart muscle, improves eyesight and helps prevent macular degeneration. It is the key component of bile , which is necessary for the digestion of fats. It is an amino acid vital for the proper use of sodium, potassium , calcium and magnesium . It helps prevent the development of potentially dangerous cardiac arrhythmias .
BRANCHED CHAIN AMINO ACIDS :
The branched chain amino acids (also known as branched chain amino acids or BCAAs from the English language Branched -chain amino acid) are a group of three of the nine essential amino acids (EAA) consisting of leucine , isoleucine and valine . They are called branched-chain because their structure forms branches , and account for about 35% of the essential amino acids in muscle protein. Like all the essential amino acids , the body is unable to synthesize them and must be ingested through foods or supplements specific protein . In medicine, the branched chain amino acids are used to help the recovery of burn victims . Another frequent use of branched chain amino acid in the sport takes place in bodybuilding , which are used to promote muscle protein synthesis and the energy function .
HOW TO ASSUME THE AMINO :
Amino acids are found in many foods , including meat, eggs, fish , dairy products, cereals and legumes. They can also be taken through supplements of amino acids , which are used for the purpose wellness / prevention or for sport.
Amino acids