STAINS SKIN
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What are the spots on the skin
The discoloration or spots on the skin are a change in the skin color, which can be circumscribed or diffuse. The color of the skin depends primarily by melanin, a pigment that is responsible for the five basic colors of skin and hair: black, brown, red, yellow, white (absence of melanin). Two other substances that contribute to skin color are hemoglobin and the carotenoids, yellow pigments produced by plants that accumulate in the epidermis and the subcutaneous tissue.
Changes to the color of the skin are bonded in the majority of cases to an altered distribution of the melanic pigmentation and can be divided into two large groups:
- hypermelanosis or hyperchromia characterized by an increase of the melanin of the skin;
- hypomelanosis with reduction or absence of the pigment from the skin.
The hypermelanosis stains are the most common skin, normally localized in specific areas of the skin and may be due to both an increase in the number of melanocytes (cells that produce melanin) both to increase of melanin produced (dark pigment produced by melanocytes) with normal number of melanocytes.
What are the causes of skin blemishes
The causes of hypermelanosis can be both genetic and environmental nature. The most common triggers are exposure to ultraviolet light (either solar or artificial sources); taking photosensitizing drugs or phototoxic and the application of cosmetics, fragrances or waxes that generate those predisposed a post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation; hormonal factors, in particular the hormones estrogen and progesterone. The hypermelanosis most commonly affects women of childbearing age, because the hormones estrogen and progesterone play an important role in this disease. It is therefore no coincidence that most of the diagnosis of hypermelanosis occur in women taking hormonal contraception or therapeutic purposes or in pregnant women for which, in this case, it is called "melasma gravidarum" or "chloasma.
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The hypermelanosis are the most common senile lentigo ie brown spots, often rounded in shape, appearing after 40 years related to chronic sun exposure and melasma, which comes with brown spots are not perfectly symmetrical affecting usually the region, mainly centrofacciale the upper lip, cheeks and forehead, nose and chin sometimes, very often associated with pregnancy.
How to treat skin blemishes?
The complexity of the causes of skin blemishes implies the need to perform a correct diagnosis: is appropriate to determine the specific cause and treatment is initiated more appropriate and effective. Fundamental is the dermatologist: the specialist, after a careful clinical examination, find the depth of the pigment. Generally brown or black have a more unified surface of the pigment, ie at the level of the epidermis, while the blue-gray spots are due to a provision deeper the pigment in the dermis. The greater the depth of the pigment, the more difficult is the removal of the stain.
How to prevent skin blemishes?
The treatment of skin blemishes is absolutely linked to the adoption of preventive measures taken to prevent their appearance or their accent. E 'therefore necessary to use sunscreen with a high protection during the winter months and avoid, whenever possible, hormonal therapies.
What are the possible treatments for skin blemishes?
There are several solutions to lighten skin discolorations.
Topical therapy with creams based on depigmenting substances constitutes an effective treatment, able to guarantee a good result.
The chemical peeling: a treatment that involves the application of one or more chemicals that gradually lighten the lesion through exfoliation of the surface layers of the skin with stimulation also the dermal component and a general improvement of the skin.
Cryotherapy uses liquid nitrogen or nitrous oxide at very low temperatures to create an epidermal damage at the level of the lesion causing the formation of bubbles that after a few days are deleted also taking away the stain.
The radio frequency diathermy is an electric instrument that emits high frequency microwaves, capable of burning the skin. When the lesion is treated, the superficial layer of skin is removed and with it the stain.
Laser therapy, which acts selectively on melanin.
The pulsed light, Chesi differs from the laser light, since it is a non-coherent light with a wavelength ranging from 515 to 1200 nm, therefore adaptable to the target.
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