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Were presented at the XXXV National Congress SINU front of an audience of 700 nutrition professionals new LARN 2012 (Reference Levels of Nutrients and Assumption of energy for the Italian population).
A job that required the SINU (Italian Society of Human Nutrition) 16 years of work, the previous edition dates back to 1996.
Several years have passed and the sciences related to human nutrition have made great progress.

Even if you kept the initials RDA changes the meaning of R. The RDA for a nutrient is no longer a single recommended value (the previous R) but a set of references R) that are called:

AR average requirement
PRI Assumption Recommended for PopulationAssumption
AI Adequate
RI Expected values ​​for macronutrient intake
UL Tolerable Upper Intake Level.
It also appears that a SDT has a great theoretical importance. SDT objective nutritional means for the prevention and refers to the fact that certain foods possess in addition to the nutritional well as the ability, if taken in adequate amounts, to prevent certain diseases.

Availability of the RDAs 2012 At the congress SINU was released the summary document with numerous tables, the document will soon be available for the public on the website SINU.


LARN 2012 and European recommendations


And 'a must wonder whether it still makes sense to draw up recommendations for the Italian population in similar and more stringent European recommendations.Obviously, in the preparation of the 2012 RDAs have been taken into account not only the information and recommendations European (EFSA etc.) But also those of large global organizations (FAO, etc.).


LARN 2012 and nutrigenomics

The transition from value recommended set of references is a great advancement and provides extensive suggestions for reflection on the relationship between food and health.In 1996, the food was mostly calories and now are beginning to reflect on the possibility (already amply demonstrated by science) that food is especially information and therefore be given more prominence to the nutritional value of foods compared to their energy intake.


LARN and diseases


One must always keep in mind that the RDAs are based on population and individuals SANIDo not rely on groups and individuals to genetic predisposition, illness or diet HAVE SPECIAL NEEDS.A disease or malnutrition require any contributions completely different and must be evaluated for the individual subject.


LARN 2012 and Age Classes


Unfortunately, every single scientific society and researcher classification in a different age groups and this leads to great difficulties for those who want to compare and analyze data to draw conclusions.RDAs 2012 and Energy suppliesIt takes into account that the needs are related not only to age but also to the type of physical activity and profession. Why not provide a value for the basal metabolic rate and one for level of physical activity.


LARN 2012: vitamins

B9

It recognizes the role and importance of folate raising the reference values ​​for the general population 400 micrograms and 600 micrograms during pregnancy.


B12

Arise values ​​for the general population from 2 to 2.4 micrograms. 2.6 in pregnancy.

C

It 'a conservative approach prevailed even in those cases where the values ​​are very low and far from a potential risk of adverse events. It 's the case of vitamin C.It provides an AI of 40-130mg daily which is very close to the values ​​of 1996 and which takes little into consideration the great role of this substance for maintaining a good state of health.

D

Rise of the very values ​​for the Vit D after more than 12,000 research have demonstrated the role extra-skeletal and budget.The 'Adequate Intake (AI) is set at 600 IU for adults, pregnant and lactating and 800 units for the elderly> 75 years.As previously mentioned the contributions do not take adequate present bands of patients at risk of hypovitaminosis for particular conditions such as (poor exposure to the sun, osteoporosis, intestinal pathologies that may reduce the absorption of vitamin).For this group the adequate intake may be higher.For the maximum values ​​(UL) has taken into account the recommendation of the EFSA in August 4000 IU daily for adults.

K

See a number of recommended intake for the population (PRI) for vitamin KFor adults, male and female, under 60 years of age is 140 micrograms then climbs to 170.


LARN 2012: Mineral
 

Football

Round number for Ca whose AI becomes 1g for males and females under the age of 60 and then 1200.

Magnesium

250mg per day in adults. Has not been established a higher intake in pregnancy There is a great established that the fetus depletes the pool of maternal reserves of this important mineral.

Iron

The iron intake is highly dependent on dietary habits as the most bioavailable iron is present in meat and meat products EME. The poor bioavailability of the mineral make large numbers of people exposed to the risk of shortages especially in the presence of conditions that can limit its absorption (intestinal disease) or increase requirements.For the healthy adult population is fixed, an AI of 10 mg for men and 18 for women up to 60 years. Then it's back to 10mg.

Fluorine

Fluoride also appears with a recommended level of intake for the population (PRI), 3 or 4 mg per day of a substance with no nutritional value and that you would do much better to stay away since the risk of neurotoxicity highlighted by numerous researchers . Although fluoride has been shown to prevent cavities and is added to the water to drink, is undergoing a review of its real risk to human health.

LARN and Fibre

Beware of the fibers to be present and introduced an early stage in the child's diet after weaning favoring whole grains, legumes, fruits and vegetables.Adults should consume at least 25 grams per day of dietary fibers even in the case of the energy supplies under the 2000 Kcal die.This requires the addition of 400 -600 grams of fruit and vegetables a day.AI and RI are established for the fibers even in childhood, after the first year of age. The appropriate value in children is 8.4 grams per day which requires a significant contribution of foods such as whole grains, legumes, fruits and vegetables.


LARN and simple sugars

Simple sugars should be limited to no more than 15% of total caloric intake.Specifies that when the simple sugars account for over 25% caloric intake this is a health risk.These statements involve a strong limitation of sugar fortified beverages that contain very high amounts as well as snacks and other foods with a high content of sugar. Even foods marketed as "healthy" such as breakfast cereals come to contain as many as 35% compared to a few grams of fiber.The Larn advise against the use of fructose as a sweetener as well as the corn syrups.Fructose has been shown to contribute to the development of the metabolic syndrome and increase the risk of hepatic steatosis, especially in those who had a diet high in fat.


LARN and lipids

Fats, demonized by many diets in the past, should contribute to our energy intake to 20-35% (RI for adults) and 35-40% in the first 3 years of life.A much lower exposes us to risks to their health.Fats are not all the same.Are distinct total fat, saturated by, total PUFA, omega 6, omega 3 and for each set are reference values.Appear trans fatty acids whose contribution should be as low as possible.These fats are derived mainly from industrial processes such as hydrogenation for the production of margarines. However, there are also many other unprocessed foods such as butter and meat.Also fatty acids saurians should be limited to an energy below 10% in order to protect the health (SDT).Omega-6 should have an RI of 8.4%, while the Omega 3 0.5-2% of total energy intake.For omega 3 provides an adequate intake of 250mg per day also valid in pregnancy and lactation.It recognizes the role of DHA for the development of the nervous system childhood suggesting an AI of 100 mg per day for infants and children up to 3 years. Even in lactation is suggested an RI for the DHA of 100 -200 mg even when not fastened to an AI.These contributions of Omega 3 could be met by taking 2-3 servings of fish a week preferring species rich in these nutrients such as sardines and salmon.

Source: Update on Food and Nutrition Medicine




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